Vaadin contains a lot of components and most of those components contains a client side part which is executed in the browser. Together all the client side implementations sum up to a big amount of data the enduser needs to download to the browser even if he might never use all the components.

For that reason Vaadin uses three strategies for downloading the components:

Eager

What eager means is that the client implementation for the component is included in the payload that is initially downloaded when the application starts. The more components that is made eager the more will need to be downloaded before the initial view of the application is shown. By default Vaadin puts most components here since Vaadin does not know which components will be used in the first view and cannot thus optimize any further. You would have noticed this if you ever made a Hello World type of application and wondered why Vaadin needed to download so much for such a simple application.

Deferred

When marking a component as deferred it means that its client side implementation will be downloaded right after the initial rendering of the application is done. This can be useful if you know for instance that a component will soon be used in that application but is not displayed in the first view.

Lazy

Lazy components client side implementation doesn’t get downloaded until the component is shown. This will sometimes mean that a view might take a bit longer to render if several components client side implementation needs to first be downloaded. This strategy is useful for components that are rarely used in the application which everybody might not see. RichTextArea and ColorPicker are examples of components in Vaadin that by default are Lazy.

Optimizing the loading of the widgets

Now that we know what Vaadin provides, lets see how we can modify how a component is loaded to provide the best experience for our application.

Lets say we want to build a HelloWorld application which only needs a few components. Specifically these components will be shown on the screen:

UI - The UI of the application.
VerticalLayout - The Vertical layout inside the UI where the message is shown
Label - A label with the text "Hello World"

All other Vaadin components provided by Vaadin we don’t want to load. To do this we are going to mark those three components as Eager (initially loaded) and all the rest as Lazy.

To do that we need to implement our own ConnectorBundleLoaderFactory. Here is my example one:

public class MyConnectorBundleLoaderFactory extends
    ConnectorBundleLoaderFactory {
  private static final List<Class> eagerComponents = new
    LinkedList<Class>();

  static {
    eagerComponents.add(UI.class);
    eagerComponents.add(VerticalLayout.class);
    eagerComponents.add(Label.class);
  }

  @Override
  protected LoadStyle getLoadStyle(JClassType connectorType){
    Connect annotation = connectorType.getAnnotation(Connect.class);
    Class componentClass = annotation.value();

    // Load eagerly marked connectors eagerly
    if(eagerComponents.contains(componentClass)) {
      return LoadStyle.EAGER;
    }

    //All other components should be lazy
    return LoadStyle.LAZY;
  }
}

We also need to add our factory to the widgetset by adding the following to our <widgetset>.gwt.xml:

<generate-with class="com.example.widgetsetoptimization.MyConnectorBundleLoaderFactory">
  <when-type-assignable class="com.vaadin.client.metadata.ConnectorBundleLoader" />
</generate-with>

If you are using the Eclipse Plugin to compile the widgetset you will also want to add the following meta data for the compiler so it does not overwrite our generator setting:

<!-- WS Compiler: manually edited -->

If you have used the Maven archetype for setting up your project, you might need to add vaadin-client-compiler as a dependency in your project as it is by default only used when actually starting the widgetset compiler. See https://github.com/vaadin/maven-plugin/issues/32 for more details.

Finally, here is my simple test application UI for which I have optimized the widgetset:

public class HelloWorldUI extends UI {

  @Override
  protected void init(VaadinRequest request) {
    VerticalLayout layout = new VerticalLayout();
    layout.addComponent(new Label("Hello world"));
    setContent(layout);
  }
}

Now, all I have to do is recompile the widgetset for the new load strategy to take effect.

If you now check the network traffic when you load the application you will notice a huge difference. Using the default widgetset with the default loading strategy our Hello World application will load over 1 Mb of widgetset data. If you then switch to using our own widgetset with our own custom loader factory the widgetset will only be about 375 kb. That is over 60% less!

Using your own custom widgetset loader factory is highly recommended in all projects.

Finding out which components are loaded by a View

So you want to start optimizing your widgetset but how do you find out which components are needed for the initial view so you can make them eager while keeping everything else deferred or lazy? Fortunately there is an addon WidgetSetOptimizer for doing just this.

To use it you download this addon and add it to your project.

Add the following to the <widgetset>.gwt.xml:

<inherits name="org.vaadin.artur.widgetsetoptimizer.WidgetSetOptimizerWidgetSet" />

You will also need to add the following to your UI classes init method

new WidgetSetOptimizer().extend(this);

Finally compile the widgetset and run the application with the &debug parameter. In the debug window there will be a new button "OWS" which by pressing you will get the Generator class automatically generated for you. The generated generator class will mark the currently displayed components as Eager while loading everything else as Deferred. More information about the addon and its usage can be found on the Addon page in the directory.

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